王晞星辨治大肠癌肝转移经验

介绍王晞星教授辨治大肠癌肝转移的临床经验。认为大肠癌肝转移的根本病机为肝脾两虚、痰瘀毒结;临证以调和肝脾为重,减毒消癥为辅,标本兼顾,攻补兼施;研创特色方药补中调肝汤,和法抗癌,疗效显著。并附验案1则。     

脂蛋白肾病1例报道及文献复习

近期重庆市中医院肾病科收治脂蛋白肾病(Lipoprotein glomerulopathy,LPG)1例。现回顾分析病例资料、中西医诊疗及随访情况,并进行文献复习、中医传统理论阐述及讨论。以提高临床对中医药诊治该病的认识。     

重症肺炎合并应激性溃疡出血的中医证候研究

目的：初步探索重症肺炎合并应激性溃疡出血的中医证候及主要证型，为辨证施治提供依据。方法：选取2014年1月1日至12月31日北京中医药大学东方医院收治的重症肺炎合并应激性溃疡出血患者60例作为研究对象。对主要症状体征直接辨证，对伴随症状体征采用因子分析寻找该疾病的常见中医证候，并统计其分布特点。结果：本病涉及的主要脏腑为肺、脾，主要证候符合痰热蕴肺证特点，伴随症状体征辨证显示气阴亏虚、肺脾不足兼见痰浊、瘀血的特点。结论：重症肺炎合并应激性溃疡出血初期以痰热壅肺为基础证型、核心证型，在此基础上可见气阴两虚、肺脾不足的证候表现，同时兼见痰湿、血瘀之象，病性虚实夹杂，病位在肺脾。     

从新型冠状病毒肺炎的寒疫病机探析清肺排毒汤的组方机制

在《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》中推荐的清肺排毒汤,临床观察疗效显著。笔者拟探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的寒疫病机以及清肺排毒汤的方药组成机制,认为该方能疏解表里、通调三焦,具有宣肺行气、透邪解毒、润燥化湿、逐水泻热的功效,切合COVID-19寒、燥、湿的病机特点,且能有效的针对症状进行治疗,应推广全国各地广泛使用以遏制疫情蔓延。     

FLT3 Inhibition in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Mutations in the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase are the most frequently found mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations have poor prognoses. The approved FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) midostaurin and gilteritinib improve survival in AML with FLT3 mutations. Multiple other FLT3 inhibitors are in clinical development. Patients frequently relapse after response to FLT3 inhibitors and the optimal use of FLT3 inhibitors in the upfront, relapse, and maintenance settings remain to be established. We will discuss the biology of FLT3, approved and investigational FLT3 inhibitors, resistance mechanisms, and emerging FLT3 TKI combination clinical trials.     

Combination drug regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) make up about 90% of kidney cancers, of which 80% are of the clear cell subtype. About 20% of patients are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Initial treatment is often cytoreductive nephrectomy, but systemic therapy is required for advanced RCC. Single agent targeted therapies are moderately toxic and only somewhat effective, leading to development of immunotherapies and combination therapies. This review identifies limitations of monotherapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, discusses recent advances in combination therapies, and highlights therapeutic options under development. The goal behind combining various modalities of systemic therapy is to potentiate a synergistic antitumor effect. However, combining targeted therapies may cause increased toxicity. The initial attempts to create therapeutic combinations based on inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor or mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were largely unsuccessful in achieving a profile of increased synergy without increased toxicity. To date, five combination therapies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with the most recently approved therapies being a combination of checkpoint inhibition plus targeted therapy. Several other combination therapies are under development, including some in the phase 3 stage. The new wave of combination therapies for metastatic RCC has the potential to increase response rates and improve survival outcomes while maintaining tolerable side effect profiles.     

基于PKC/P2X3通路探讨正天丸对偏头痛大鼠的保护作用

目的探讨正天丸对偏头痛大鼠的保护作用,并初步探究其可能的作用机制。方法将大鼠分为对照组(0.9%NaCl溶液)、模型组(0.9%NaCl溶液)、正天丸组(1.62 g/kg)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)激动剂组(2 mg/kg TPPB)、正天丸+TPPB组(1.62 g/kg正天丸+2 mg/kg TPPB),每组12只,采用硝酸甘油注射法制备偏头痛大鼠模型,造模后观察大鼠耳红出现、消失的时间以及不同时间段内爬笼、抓头次数;HE染色观察脑组织神经细胞形态学变化;ELISA法检测血清中TNF-ɑ、IL-6、嗜中性粒细胞趋化因子(CINC-1)水平;放射免疫法检测脑组织匀浆中降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平;Western blot法检测脑组织PKC、P2X3蛋白表达。结果①与对照组比较,模型组0～45 min、45～75 min、75～120 min内挠头及爬笼次数增加,血清TNF-α、IL-6、CINC-1水平升高,脑组织CGRP水平升高,5-HT水平降低,PKC、P2X3蛋白表达升高(P0.05)。②与模型组比较,正天丸组挠头及爬笼次数均显著减少,耳红出现时间显著延长,耳红消失时间显著缩短,TNF-α、IL-6、CINC-1水平降低,CGRP水平降低,5-HT水平升高,PKC、P2X3蛋白表达降低(P0.05);TPPB组挠头及爬笼次数增加,耳红出现时间显著缩短,耳红消失时间显著延长,血清TNF-α、IL-6、CINC-1水平升高,脑组织CGRP水平升高,5-HT水平降低,PKC、P2X3蛋白表达升高(P0.05);正天丸+TPPB组挠头及爬笼次数、耳红消失时间、血清TNF-α、IL-6、CINC-1水平、脑组织CGRP水平、PKC、P2X3蛋白低于TPPB组,5-HT水平、耳红出现时间高于TPPB组(P0.05)。结论正天丸可缓解偏头痛大鼠神经细胞损伤,缓解头痛,其可能是通过抑制PKC/P2X3通路实现的。     

基于“凡土脏取决于胆”议从胆论治阿尔茨海默病

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s Disease,AD)归属于中医"痴呆""呆病""健忘"等范畴,历代医家认为此病多以肾精失养,髓海空虚为主要病机,治疗多从脾、肾两脏着手,鲜有提及从胆论治。从中医学"凡土脏取决于胆"理论切入,以土脏与AD发病的关系为着眼点,并结合胆内藏精汁,助脾胃腐熟运化水谷;胆主升清降浊,疏利中土;胆内寄相火,参与腐熟水谷的生理功能和特性,阐述从胆论治AD的理论基础,以期为中医临床更加有效的防治阿尔茨海默病提供参考。     

肾母细胞瘤MIB-1（Ki-67增殖指数）和p27kip1表达及与预后的关系

目的:探讨肾母细胞瘤MIB-1（Ki-67增殖指数）和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂p27kip1的表达及与预后的关系。方法:经医院伦理委员会批准，连续纳入2008年1月至2013年8月在我院就诊的肾母细胞瘤患者样本作为研究对象，观察p27kip1和MIB-1阳性表达与患者临床特征的关系。结果:肿瘤组织中MIB-1阳性表达率高于正常肾组织，p27kip1阳性表达率低于正常肾组织，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。MIB-1和p27kip1表达与性别、年龄、病理分型、发病部位等均无相关性（P＞0.05），与临床分期存在相关性（P＜0.05）。MIB-1表达阳性患者中位生存时间低于阴性患者，而p27kip1表达阴性患者中位生存时间低于阳性患者（χ2=6.979、15.247，P=0.008、0.000）。结论:MIB-1表达增加和p27kip1表达降低与肾母细胞瘤的发生、发展、预后密切相关，临床应根据其表达情况进行针对性干预，以改善患者的预后。     

Evaluation of NMU-Induced Breast Cancer Treated with Sirolimus and Sunitinib on Breast Cancer Growth

Objective: To analyze the effect of sirolimus and sunitinib in blocking the tumor growth and to evaluate the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/neu) after treated with sirolimus and sunitinib. Methods: Thirty-two female Sprague Dawley rats at age 21-days old were administered intraperitoneally with N-Methyl-N-Nitroso Urea (NMU), dosed at 70mg/kg body weight. The rats were divided into 4 groups; Group 1 (Control, n=8), Group 2 (Sirolimus, n=8), Group 3 (Sunitinib, n=8) and Group 4 (Sirolimus+Sunitinib, n=8), being treated twice when the tumor reached the size of 14.5±0.5 mm and subsequently sacrificed after 5 days. The protein expressions of ER, PgR and HER2/neu of the tumor tissues were evaluated by using immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: Treatment with sirolimus alone lowered expressions of ER and PgR of breast cancer and reduced tumor size. There was no significant difference of ER and PgR expressions between control and sunitinib treated tumor. Sunitinib treated tumors reduce in diameter after the first treatment, however the diameter increases after the second treatment. Histologically, sunitinib treated tumor did not show any aggressive invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST) histological subtypes. In addition, all NMU-induced tumors are HER2/neu-negative scoring. Conclusion: Sirolimus is neither synergistic nor additive with sunitinib for breast cancer treatment.